Information output device

ABSTRACT

An information output device that can output the position of a load applied to the pedal is provided. A strain gauge is provided on the inner face of a crank of a bicycle and detects strain occurring in the crank. A cycle computer display unit displays an image showing the center position of the load applied to the pedal connected to the crank based on the tangential force and the torsional torque calculated based on the output values of the first strain gauge to the sixth strain gauge.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an information output device foroutputting information on a force and the like applied to ahuman-powered machine including a crank.

BACKGROUND ART

Conventionally, there has been a device attached to a bicycle, forcalculating information on the running of the bicycle, information onthe movement of the cyclist, and the like to display. This type ofdevice calculates predetermined information by receiving data from asensor provided on the bicycle to display. The information to bedisplayed includes the force applied to the pedal by the cyclist(torque, and the like). Further, as a method for measuring this type offorce, for example, Patent Literature 1 discloses a technique ofmeasuring the strain on the crankshaft to detect the torque applied tothe crank.

Furthermore, Patent Literature 2 discloses a technique of embedding apiezoelectric sensor in a crank to measure torque by using a voltagegenerated by the strain on the crank.

In addition, Patent Literature 1 describes that this technique can alsobe applied to a stationary bicycle-type health machine (also referred toas a bicycle ergometer or a fitness bike).

Thus, it is already known that in a human-powered machine including acrank, torque is measured by the detection of a strain applied to acrank and the momentum or the like is calculated.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

-   Patent Literature 1: JP H10-35567 A-   Patent Literature 2: JP 2009-6991 A

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem

In the above-described patent Literature, it is disclosed that a forceor the like applied to a crank is displayed with a numerical value orthe like. However, it is known that these forces vary depending on theriding posture (form) on the human-powered machine. For example, if theposition of the load applied to the pedal connected to the crank is notappropriate, a burden is placed on the body, and efficient pedalingcannot be performed.

Therefore, in view of the above-described problems, it is an object ofthe present invention to provide an information output device capable ofoutputting, for example, the position of a load applied to a pedal.

Solution to Problem

In order to solve the above-described problem, the present invention isan information output device including: a strain detection unit providedon a side face of a crank of a human-powered machine and configured todetect a strain occurring in the crank; and an output unit configured tooutput information on a center position of a load applied to a pedalconnected to the crank based on a force acting in a tangential directionof a circle defined by rotational motion of the crank and torque actingin a direction causing torsion in the crank, the force and the torquecalculated based on an output value of the strain detection unit.

Further, the present invention is an information output method executedby an information output device including a strain detection unitprovided on a side face of a crank of a human-powered machine andconfigured to detect a strain occurring in the crank. The informationoutput method includes: a calculation step of calculating a force actingin a tangential direction of a circle defined by rotational motion ofthe crank and torque acting in a direction causing torsion in the crankbased on an output value of the strain detection unit; and an outputstep of outputting information on a center position of a load applied toa pedal connected to the crank based on a force acting in the tangentialdirection of the circle defined by rotational motion of the crank andtorque acting in the direction causing torsion in the crank, the forceand the torque calculated in the calculating step.

Further, the present invention is an information output program allowinga computer to execute the above information output method.

Furthermore, the present invention is a computer-readable recordingmedium storing the above information output program.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the overall configuration of abicycle on which an information output device according to a firstembodiment of the present invention is installed.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the positional relationshipbetween the cycle computer, the measurement module, and the cadencesensor shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the cycle computer, the measurement module,and the cadence sensor shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the arrangement of the strain gaugeshown in FIG. 3 on a crank.

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of the measurement module strain detectioncircuit shown in FIG. 3.

FIGS. 6A to 6C are explanatory diagrams of the force and the deformationapplied to the right side crank.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a case where the first strain gaugeand the second strain gauge are deformed by the bending deformation x.

FIGS. 8A and 8B are explanatory diagrams of a first state.

FIGS. 9A and 9B are explanatory diagrams of a second state.

FIGS. 10A and 10B are explanatory diagrams of a third state.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of a display example on the cyclecomputer display unit shown in FIG. 1.

FIGS. 12A and 12B are flowcharts of the processing of the cadence sensorshown in FIG. 3.

FIGS. 13A to 13C are flowcharts of the processing of the measurementmodule and the cycle computer shown in FIG. 3.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of an arrangement of the strain gaugeon the crank of the information output device according to a secondembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of the cycle computer, the measurementmodule, and the cadence sensor according to another embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, an information output device according to an embodiment ofthe present invention will be described. In the information outputdevice according to an embodiment of the present invention, a straindetection unit is provided on a side face of a crank of thehuman-powered machine and detects the strain occurring in the crank, andan output unit outputs information on the center position of the loadapplied to the pedal connected to the crank based on the force acting inthe tangential direction of the circle defined by the rotational motionof the crank and the torque acting in a direction causing torsion in thecrank calculated based on the output value of the strain detection unit.This allows information on the center position of the load applied tothe pedal to be calculated from the detection result of the straindetection unit provided in the crank to be output. Therefore, efficientpedaling or the like can be performed based on this information.

Further, the strain detection unit may be provided on a side face ofeach of the cranks which the human-powered machine includes on the leftand right sides in a pair. The output unit may output information on acenter position of the load applied to the pedal connected to each ofthe left and right cranks in such a manner as to display side by side.This allows the user and the like to compare and check the left andright pedaling balance and the like, and therefore this can help improvepedaling forms and the like.

In addition, the output unit may output the center position of the loadapplied to the pedal detected by the strain detection unit and thecenter position of the load set in advance as a reference in acomparable manner. This allows, for example, the user and the like tocompare the center of the load in their own pedaling with the center ofthe load in the appropriate pedaling, and therefore this can helpimprove pedaling forms and the like.

Furthermore, the strain detection unit includes a plurality of straingauge parts including a first strain gauge part for detecting a straindeforming in the tangential direction occurring in the crank, and asecond strain gauge part for detecting a strain deforming in thetorsional direction of the crank occurring in the crank. Then, theplurality of strain gauge parts may output voltage values depending onthe deformation amount of the crank in a direction in which each straingauge part detects a strain. This allows the force acting in thetangential direction of the circle defined by the rotational motion ofthe crank and the torque acting in the direction causing torsion in thecrank to be calculated with the output voltage values of the pluralityof strain gauge parts.

In addition, the force acting in a tangential direction of a circledefined by the rotational motion of the crank and the torque acting in adirection causing torsion in the crank may be calculated by substitutingvoltage values output by the plurality of strain gauge parts into apredetermined polynomial. This allows the force and the torque to becalculated by the calculation using, for example, a CPU or the like.

In addition, the coefficient of each term of the predeterminedpolynomial may be set in advance based on the first reference torsionaltorque applied to the crank in the first state where a predeterminedload is applied to the position on the pedal apart from the central axisof the crank by the first distance, the second reference torsionaltorque applied to the crank in the second state where a predeterminedload is applied to the position on the pedal apart from the central axisof the crank by the second distance different from the first distance,and the voltage values output by the plurality of strain gauge parts ineach of the first state and the second state. This allows thecoefficients to be calculated in advance based on the first referencetorsional torque, the second reference torsional torque, and the outputvoltage values of the strain gauge parts at the time of calculating thefirst reference torsional torque and the second reference torsionaltorque, which can be calculated with known numerical values. Therefore,only substituting the values measured in the strain gauge parts into thepolynomial allows the force acting in the tangential direction of thecircle defined by the rotational motion of the crank and the torqueacting in the direction causing torsion in the crank to be calculated.In addition, since the coefficients can be changed according to thecrank, the force acting in the tangential direction of the circledefined by the rotational motion of the crank and the torque acting inthe direction causing the torsion in the crank can be accuratelycalculated depending on the crank.

In addition, an information output method according to an embodiment ofthe present invention includes: a calculation step of calculating theforce acting in a tangential direction of a circle defined by therotational motion of the crank and the torque acting in a directioncausing torsion in the crank based on the output value of the straindetection unit, and an output step of outputting information on thecenter position of the load applied to the pedal connected to the crankbased on the force acting in the tangential direction of the circledefined by the rotational motion of the crank and the torque acting inthe direction causing torsion in the crank calculated in the calculationstep. This allows information on the center position of the load appliedto the pedal to be calculated from the detection result of the straindetection unit provided in the crank to be output, and therefore,efficient pedaling or the like may be performed based on thisinformation.

In addition, the information output program according to an embodimentof the present invention causes a computer to execute theabove-described information output method. This allows information onthe center position of the load applied to the pedal to be calculatedfrom the detection result of the strain detection unit provided in thecrank to be output by using a computer, and therefore, efficientpedaling or the like may be performed based on this information.

In addition, the information output program described above may bestored in a computer-readable recording medium. This allows the programto be distributed also as a single item besides being incorporated inequipment, and allows also the upgrade or the like to be made easily.

First Embodiment

A bicycle 1 including a cycle computer 201 and a measurement module 301as an information output device according to a first embodiment of thepresent invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9B. Asshown in FIG. 1, the bicycle 1 includes a frame 3, a front wheel 5, arear wheel 7, handlebars 9, a saddle 11, a front fork 13, and a drivemechanism 101.

The frame 3 includes two truss structures. The frame 3 is rotatablyconnected to the rear wheel 7 at the rear tip portion. In addition, inthe frame 3, in front of the frame 3, the front fork 13 is rotatablyconnected.

The front fork 13 is connected to the handlebars 9. At the tip positionin the downward direction of the front fork 13, the front fork 13 andthe front wheel 5 are rotatably connected to each other.

The front wheel 5 includes a hub portion, a spoke portion, and a tireportion. The hub portion is rotatably connected to the front fork 13.Then, the hub portion and the tire portion are connected to each otherby the spoke portion.

The rear wheel 7 includes a hub portion, a spoke portion, and a tireportion. The hub portion is rotatably connected to the frame 3. Then,the hub portion and the tire portion are connected to each other by thespoke portion. The hub portion of the rear wheel 7 is connected to asprocket 113 described below.

The bicycle 1 includes a drive mechanism 101 for converting a steppingforce by a foot of a user (cyclist) into a drive force of the bicycle 1.The drive mechanism 101 includes a pedal 103, a crank mechanism 104, achain ring 109, a chain 111, and a sprocket 113.

The pedal 103 is a portion for the user to step on, the portion cominginto contact with the user's foot. The pedal 103 is supported by a pedalcrankshaft 115 of the crank mechanism 104 in such a manner as to berotatable.

The crank mechanism 104 includes a crank 105, a crankshaft 107, and apedal crankshaft 115 (see FIGS. 2 and 6A to 6C).

The crankshaft 107 penetrates the frame 3 in the lateral direction (fromone side to the other side on the side face of the bicycle). Thecrankshaft 107 is rotatably supported by the frame 3.

The crank 105 is provided at right angles to the crankshaft 107. Thecrank 105 is connected to the crankshaft 107 at one end.

The pedal crankshaft 115 is provided at right angles to the crank 105.The axial direction of the pedal crankshaft 115 is in the same directionas that of the crankshaft 107. The pedal crankshaft 115 is connected tothe crank 105 at the other end of the crank 105.

The crank mechanism 104 also includes this structure on the oppositeside of the side face of the bicycle 1. That is, the crank mechanism 104includes two cranks 105 and two pedal crankshafts 115. Therefore, thepedal 103 is also provided on each side of the bicycle 1.

When these are distinguished whether on the right side or on the leftside of the bicycle 1, each of them is described as a right side crank105R, a left side crank 105L, a right side pedal crankshaft 115R, a leftside pedal crankshaft 115L, a right side pedal 103R, and a left sidepedal 103L.

In addition, the right side crank 105R and the left side crank 105L areconnected to each other in such a manner as to extend in the oppositedirection centered around the crankshaft 107. The right side pedalcrankshaft 115R, the crankshaft 107, and the left side pedal crankshaft115L are formed in parallel and on the same plane. The right side crank105R and the left side crank 105L are formed in parallel and on the sameplane.

The chain ring 109 is connected to the crankshaft 107. The chain ring109 is suitably constituted by a variable gear capable of changing thegear ratio. In addition, the chain 111 is engaged with the chain ring109.

The chain 111 is engaged with the chain ring 109 and the sprocket 113.The sprocket 113 is connected to the rear wheel 7. The sprocket 113suitably includes a variable gear.

The bicycle 1 converts the stepping force of the user into the rotationforce of the rear wheel with this drive mechanism 101.

The bicycle 1 includes a cycle computer 201, a measurement module 301,and a cadence sensor 501.

The cycle computer 201 is disposed on the handlebars 9. As shown in FIG.2, the cycle computer 201 includes a cycle computer display unit 203 fordisplaying various kinds of information and a cycle computer operationunit 205 for receiving the operation by the user.

Various kinds of information displayed on the cycle computer displayunit 203 include the speed, the location information, the distance tothe destination, the estimated arrival time to the destination, thetravel distance after departure, the elapsed time since departure, thepropulsive force, the loss force, and the center position of the loadapplied to the pedal 103 of the bicycle 1.

Here, the propulsive force means the magnitude of the force applied inthe rotation direction of the crank 105, that is, the force acting inthe tangential direction of the circle defined by the rotational motionof the crank 105. On the other hand, the loss force means the magnitudeof the force applied in a direction different from the rotationdirection of the crank 105. The force applied in a direction differentfrom this rotation direction is a useless force that does not contributeto the drive of the bicycle 1 at all. Therefore, the user can drive thebicycle 1 more efficiently by increasing the propulsive force as much aspossible and decreasing the loss force as much as possible.

Although the cycle computer operation unit 205 is indicated by a pushbutton in FIG. 2, it is not limited thereto, and a combination ofvarious kinds of input means such as a touch panel and a plurality ofinput means can be used.

In addition, the cycle computer 201 includes a cycle computer cadenceradio receiver 207 and a cycle computer radio receiver 209. The cyclecomputer cadence radio receiver 207 and the cycle computer radioreceiver 209 are connected to the body part of the cycle computer 201through the wiring line. It should be noted that the cycle computercadence radio receiver 207 and the cycle computer radio receiver 209 donot need to have a function of only the reception. For example, they mayhave a function of the transmitter. Hereinafter, a device described as atransmitter or a receiver may also have both the reception function andthe transmission function.

The cadence sensor 501 includes a magnetic sensor 505 for detecting theapproach of the magnet 503 provided in the crank 105 (see FIG. 3). Themagnetic sensor 505 detects the position of the magnet 503 by beingturned ON due to the approaching magnet 503. That is, when the magneticsensor 505 is turned ON, the crank 105 also exists in the position wherethe magnetic sensor 505 exists. From this cadence sensor 501, the cyclecomputer 201 can obtain the cadence [rpm].

The measurement module 301 is provided on the inner face of the crank105, and detects the human power applied to the pedal 103 by the user byusing the strain gauge 369 including a plurality of strain gaugeelements (see FIGS. 3 and 4). Specifically, the measurement module 301calculates the propulsive force that is the rotation force of the crank105 and is to be the drive force of the bicycle 1, the loss force thatis the force applied in a direction different from the rotationdirection, the center position of the load applied to the pedal 103, andthe like.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the cycle computer 201, the measurementmodule 301, and the cadence sensor 501.

First, the block configuration of the cadence sensor 501 will bedescribed. The cadence sensor 501 includes a magnetic sensor 505, acadence sensor radio transmitter 507, a cadence sensor controller 551, acadence sensor storage unit 553, and a cadence sensor timer 561.

The magnetic sensor 505 is switched between ON and OFF by the approachof the magnet 503. Then, when the magnetic sensor 505 is turned ON, themagnetic sensor 505 outputs an information signal to that effect to thecadence sensor controller 551.

The cadence sensor radio transmitter 507 transmits the cadenceinformation stored in the cadence sensor storage unit 553 to the cyclecomputer cadence radio receiver 207. The transmission by this cadencesensor radio transmitter 507 is performed, for example, every second bybeing instructed by the cadence sensor timer 561. Alternatively, thedecision based on the value of the cadence sensor timer 561 may be madeby the cadence sensor controller 551, and the transmission by thiscadence sensor radio transmitter 507 may be performed under theinstructions by the cadence sensor controller 551 based on thatdecision.

The cadence sensor controller 551 comprehensively controls the cadencesensor 501. When receiving the output of the information signal to theeffect that the magnetic sensor 505 is turned ON, the cadence sensorcontroller 551 performs the following operation. The cadence sensorcontroller 551 instructs the cadence sensor timer 561 to output thetimer value information. Then, when receiving the timer valueinformation from the cadence sensor timer 561, the cadence sensorcontroller 551 calculates the cadence from the timer value information.Specifically, the cadence sensor controller 551 calculates the time(period) [seconds] when the magnetic sensor 505 is turned ON bymultiplying the count number (C) of the timer value information by thecount interval (T0) for one time. Then, the cadence [rpm] is calculatedby dividing 60 by this period.

Furthermore, the cadence sensor controller 551 causes the cadence sensorRAM 555 (described below) of the cadence sensor storage unit 553 tostore this cadence information. In addition, the cadence sensorcontroller 551 outputs counter value reset instruction to the cadencesensor timer 561. The cadence sensor controller 551 may cause thecadence sensor radio transmitter 507 to transmit the cadence informationstored in the cadence sensor storage unit 553, for example, at onesecond intervals.

Various kinds of information are stored in the cadence sensor storageunit 553. Various kinds of information are, for example, a controlprogram of the cadence sensor controller 551, and temporary informationrequired when the cadence sensor controller 551 performs control. Inparticular, in the present embodiment, the cadence sensor storage unit553 stores the timer value of the cadence sensor timer 561 that is theinterval of time when the magnetic sensor 505 is turned ON. It should benoted that the cadence sensor storage unit 553 includes a cadence sensorRAM 555 and a cadence sensor ROM 557. A timer value and the like arestored in the cadence sensor RAM 555, and a control program and the likeare stored in the cadence sensor ROM 557.

The cadence sensor timer 561 is a timer counter, and always counts aclock having a predetermined period. When receiving the value outputinstruction by the cadence sensor controller 551, the cadence sensortimer 561 outputs the timer value information to the cadence sensorcontroller 551. In addition, when receiving the reset instruction by thecadence sensor controller 551, the cadence sensor timer 561 resets thevalue of the timer counter to the initial value. Furthermore, thecadence sensor timer 561 also has the role of instructing the cadencesensor radio transmitter 507 on the timing of transmission.Specifically, the cadence sensor timer 561 instructs the cadence sensorradio transmitter 507 on the transmission timing, for example, everysecond.

Next, the block configuration of the measurement module 301 will bedescribed. As shown in FIG. 3, the measurement module 301 includes ameasurement module radio transmitter 309, a measurement module timer361, a measurement module controller 351, a measurement module storageunit 353, a measurement module A/D 363, a measurement module straindetection circuit 365, and a strain gauge 369.

The measurement module radio transmitter 309 transmits the propulsiveforce, the loss force, the center position of the load applied to thepedal 103, and the like calculated from the strain information by themeasurement module controller 351 to the cycle computer radio receiver209. The transmission by this measurement module radio transmitter 309is performed, for example, every second by being instructed by themeasurement module timer 361. Alternatively, the measurement moduleradio transmitter 309 may transmit them depending on the output ofinstructions by the measurement module controller 351 based on the valueof the measurement module timer 361.

The measurement module timer 361 is a timer counter, and always counts aclock having a predetermined period. Furthermore, the measurement moduletimer 361 also has the role of instructing the measurement module radiotransmitter 309 on the timing of transmission. Specifically, themeasurement module timer 361 instructs the measurement module radiotransmitter 309 on the transmission timing, for example, every second.

The measurement module controller 351 comprehensively controls themeasurement module 301. The measurement module controller 351 calculatesthe propulsive force, the loss force, the center position of the loadapplied to the pedal 103, and the like from the strain information. Thecalculation method will be described below.

Various kinds of information are stored in the measurement modulestorage unit 353. Various kinds of information are, for example, acontrol program of the measurement module controller 351, and temporaryinformation required when the measurement module controller 351 performscontrol. In particular, in the present embodiment, the measurementmodule storage unit 353 stores strain information. It should be notedthat the measurement module storage unit 353 includes a measurementmodule RAM 355 and a measurement module ROM 357. Strain information andthe like are stored in the measurement module RAM 355. A control programand various kinds of parameters, constants, and the like for calculatingthe propulsive force, the loss force, and the center position of theload applied to the pedal 103 from the strain information are stored inthe measurement module ROM 357.

The strain gauge 369 is bonded to the crank 105 to be integrated. Thestrain gauge 369 includes a first strain gauge 369 a, a second straingauge 369 b, a third strain gauge 369 c, a fourth strain gauge 369 d, afifth strain gauge 369 e, and a sixth strain gauge 369 f. Then, eachterminal of the strain gauge 369 is connected to the measurement modulestrain detection circuit 365. It should be noted that the strain gauge369 is not limited to being provided on the left and right cranks 105,and may be provided only on the crank 105 on one side.

FIG. 4 shows the arrangement of the strain gauge 369 in the presentembodiment on the crank 105. The strain gauge 369 is bonded to the innerface 119 of the crank 105. The inner face of the crank 105 is a face onwhich the crankshaft 107 is protruded (connected), and is a faceparallel to a plane including a circle defined by the rotational motionof the crank 105 (side face). In addition, although not shown in FIG. 4,the outer face 120 of the crank 105 is a face, facing the inner face119, on which the pedal crankshaft 115 is protruded (connected). Thatis, the outer face 120 of the crank 105 is a face on which the pedal 103is rotatably provided. The upper face 117 of the crank 105 has alongitudinal direction extending in the same direction as the inner face119 and the outer face 120, and is one of the faces orthogonal to theinner face 119 and the outer face 120. The lower face 118 of the crank105 is a face facing the upper face 117. These inner face 119, outerface 120, upper face 117, and lower face 118 constitute the side face ofthe crank 105.

The first strain gauge 369 a and the second strain gauge 369 b arearranged orthogonally to each other and overlapped (layered). Inaddition, the intermediate direction between the detection direction ofthe first strain gauge 369 a and the detection direction of the secondstrain gauge 369 b is arranged in such a manner as to be thelongitudinal direction of the crank 105. That is, the detectiondirection of the first strain gauge 369 a and the longitudinal directionof the crank 105 form an angle of 45 degrees. The detection direction ofthe second strain gauge 369 b and the longitudinal direction of thecrank 105 form an angle of 45 degrees. In addition, the intersectionpoint portion where the first strain gauge 369 a and the second straingauge 369 b overlap is arranged in such a manner as to be on the centralaxis C1 of the inner face 119. That is, the first strain gauge 369 a andthe second strain gauge 369 b are arranged in such a manner as to besymmetrical about the central axis C1.

The third strain gauge 369 c is provided having a detection directionparallel to the longitudinal direction of the crank 105, that is,parallel to the central axis C1 of the inner face 119 and on the centralaxis C1. The fourth strain gauge 369 d is provided having a detectiondirection perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the crank 105,that is, perpendicular to the central axis C1 of the inner face 119 andon the central axis C1.

The fifth strain gauge 369 e and the sixth strain gauge 369 f areprovided having a detection direction parallel to the longitudinaldirection of the crank 105, that is, parallel to the central axis C1 ofthe inner face 119 and in such a manner as to be symmetrical about thecentral axis C1 of the inner face 119.

That is, the direction parallel to the central axis C1 being an axisextending in the longitudinal direction of the crank 105 (longitudinaldirection in FIG. 4), that is, the direction parallel to thelongitudinal direction of the crank 105 is the detection direction ofthe third strain gauge 369 c, the fifth strain gauge 369 e, and thesixth strain gauge 369 f, and the direction perpendicular to the centralaxis C1 (lateral direction in FIG. 4), that is, the directionperpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the crank 105 is thedetection direction of the fourth strain gauge 369 d. Therefore, thethird strain gauge 369 c, the fifth strain gauge 369 e, and the sixthstrain gauge 369 f and the fourth strain gauge 369 d have detectiondirections orthogonal to each other. That is, the strain gauge 369functions as a strain detection unit for detecting the strain occurringin the crank 105.

It should be noted that the arrangement of the first strain gauge 369 ato the sixth strain gauge 369 f is not limited to the arrangement inFIG. 4. That is, the third strain gauge 369 c to the sixth strain gauge369 f only have to maintain a parallel or perpendicular relation withthe central axis C1, and as long as the first strain gauge 369 a and thesecond strain gauge 369 b are be at an oblique angle in such a manner asto face each other across the central axis C1, they may not be at anangle of 45 degrees or may not be overlapped. Furthermore, the firststrain gauge 369 a to the sixth strain gauge 369 f do not have to bearranged on the inner face 119 of the crank 105, and only have to bearranged in such a manner that at least the propulsive force and thetorsional torque described below can be calculated.

In addition, although in FIG. 4, the crank 105 is described as a simplerectangular parallelepiped, corners may be rounded, or part of thesurfaces may include curved surfaces depending on the design or thelike. Even in such a case, arranging the strain gauge 369 in such amanner as to maintain the above-described arrangement as much aspossible allows each deformation described below to be detected.However, as the relation with the above-described central axis C1 andthe relation between the first strain gauge 369 a and the second straingauge 369 b that they are orthogonal to each other deviate, thedetection accuracy decreases.

The measurement module strain detection circuit 365 is connected to thefirst strain gauge 369 a, the second strain gauge 369 b, the thirdstrain gauge 369 c, the fourth strain gauge 369 d, the fifth straingauge 369 e, and the sixth strain gauge 369 f, and outputs the strainamount of the strain gauge 369 as a voltage value. The output of themeasurement module strain detection circuit 365 is converted from analoginformation to strain information that is digital information by themeasurement module A/D 363. Then, the strain information signal isoutput to the measurement module storage unit 353. The straininformation signal input into the measurement module storage unit 353 isstored in the measurement module RAM 355 as the strain information.

The measurement module strain detection circuit 365 is shown in FIG. 5.The measurement module strain detection circuit 365 includes a firstdetection circuit 373 a, a second detection circuit 373 b, and a thirddetection circuit 373 c. In the first detection circuit 373 a, the fifthstrain gauge 369 e and the sixth strain gauge 369 f are connected inseries between the power supply Vcc and the ground GND. That is, thepower supply Vcc, the fifth strain gauge 369 e, the sixth strain gauge369 f, and the ground GND are connected in this order. Then, theconnection point between the fifth strain gauge 369 e and the sixthstrain gauge 369 f serves as the output of the first detection circuit373 a (hereinafter referred to as t output).

In the second detection circuit 373 b, the third strain gauge 369 c andthe fourth strain gauge 369 d are connected in series between the powersupply Vcc and the ground GND. That is, the power supply Vcc, the thirdstrain gauge 369 c, the fourth strain gauge 369 d, and the ground GNDare connected in this order. Then, the connection point between thethird strain gauge 369 c and the fourth strain gauge 369 d serves as theoutput of the second detection circuit 373 b (hereinafter referred to asr output).

In the third detection circuit 373 c, the first strain gauge 369 a andthe second strain gauge 369 b are connected in series between the powersupply Vcc and the ground GND. That is, the power supply Vcc, the firststrain gauge 369 a, the second strain gauge 369 b, and the ground GNDare connected in this order. Then, the connection point between thefirst strain gauge 369 a and the second strain gauge 369 b serves as theoutput of the third detection circuit 373 c (hereinafter referred to ask output).

Herein, the first strain gauge 369 a to the sixth strain gauge 369 fhave the same resistance value.

As is well known, the resistance value of the strain gauge 369 decreaseswhen the strain gauge 369 is compressed and increases when the straingauge 369 is elongated. This change in the resistance value isproportional when the amount of change is small. In addition, thedetection direction of the strain gauge 369 is the direction in whichthe wiring lines extend, and as described above, the third strain gauge369 c, the fifth strain gauge 369 e, and the sixth strain gauge 369 fare oriented parallel to the central axis C1, and the fourth straingauge 369 d is oriented perpendicular to the central axis C1. The firststrain gauge 369 a and the second strain gauge 369 b are oriented at 45degrees to the central axis C1. When compression or elongation occurs ina direction other than the detection direction, the change in theresistance value does not occur in the strain gauge 369.

In the first detection circuit 373 a using the strain gauge 369 havingthis characteristic, when compression or elongation is not made in thedetection direction of the fifth strain gauge 369 e and the sixth straingauge 369 f, the t output is half the voltage value of the voltage ofthe power supply Vcc (½ Vcc) that is the value obtained by dividing thevoltage of the power supply Vcc by the ratio between the resistancevalue of the fifth strain gauge 369 e and the resistance value of thesixth strain gauge 369 f.

When the fifth strain gauge 369 e is compressed and the sixth straingauge 369 f is elongated, since the resistance value of the fifth straingauge 369 e decreases and the resistance value of the sixth strain gauge369 f increases, the t output rises (voltage value becomes larger than ½Vcc). When the fifth strain gauge 369 e is elongated and the sixthstrain gauge 369 f is compressed, since the resistance value of thefifth strain gauge 369 e increases and the resistance value of the sixthstrain gauge 369 f decreases, the t output falls (voltage value becomessmaller than ½ Vcc).

When both the fifth strain gauge 369 e and the sixth strain gauge 369 fare compressed, since the resistance values of both the fifth straingauge 369 e and the sixth strain gauge 369 f decrease, the t output doesnot change (voltage value remains ½ Vcc). When both the fifth straingauge 369 e and the sixth strain gauge 369 f are elongated, since theresistance values of both the fifth strain gauge 369 e and the sixthstrain gauge 369 f increase, the t output does not change.

The second detection circuit 373 b also operates in the same way as thefirst detection circuit 373 a. That is, when the third strain gauge 369c is compressed and the fourth strain gauge 369 d is elongated, the routput rises, and when the third strain gauge 369 c is elongated and thefourth strain gauge 369 d is compressed, the r output falls. When boththe third strain gauge 369 c and the fourth strain gauge 369 d arecompressed and when both the third strain gauge 369 c and the fourthstrain gauge 369 d are elongated, the r output does not change.

The third detection circuit 373 c also operates in the same way as thefirst detection circuit 373 a. That is, when the first strain gauge 369a is compressed and the second strain gauge 369 b is elongated, the koutput rises, and when the first strain gauge 369 a is elongated and thesecond strain gauge 369 b is compressed, the k output falls. When boththe first strain gauge 369 a and the second strain gauge 369 b arecompressed and when both the first strain gauge 369 a and the secondstrain gauge 369 b are elongated, the k output does not change.

The t output of the first detection circuit 373 a, the r output of thesecond detection circuit 373 b, and the k output of the third detectioncircuit 373 c are the voltage values output by a plurality of straingauge parts.

FIGS. 6A to 6C show the deformation state of the right side crank 105Rwhen a force (pedal force) is applied by the user. FIG. 6A is a planview of the right side crank 105R as seen from the inner face 119, FIG.6B is a plan view of the right side crank 105R as seen from the upperface 117, and FIG. 6C is a plan view of the right side crank 105R asseen from the end on the crankshaft 107 side. It should be noted that inthe following description, the right side crank 105R will be described,but the same applies to the left side crank 105L.

When a pedal force is applied from the user's foot through the pedal103, the pedal force is divided into the tangential force T (propulsiveforce) to become a force acting in the tangential direction of a circledefined by the rotational motion of the crank 105, which is the rotationforce of the crank 105, and the normal force R (loss force) that is aforce acting in the normal direction of the circle defined by therotational motion of the crank 105. In this case, in the right sidecrank 105R, each deformation state of the bending deformation x, thebending deformation y, the tensile deformation z, and the torsionaldeformation rz occurs.

As shown in FIG. 6A, the bending deformation x is a deformation suchthat the right side crank 105R bends from the upper face 117 toward thelower face 118 or from the lower face 118 toward the upper face 117, andis a deformation caused by the tangential force T. That is, the straindue to the deformation occurring in the rotation direction of the crank105 (strain occurring in the rotation direction of the crank 105) isdetected, and the rotation direction strain occurring in the crank 105can be detected by the detection of the bending deformation x.

As shown in FIG. 6B, the bending deformation y is a deformation suchthat the right side crank 105R bends from the outer face 120 toward theinner face 119 or from the inner face 119 toward the outer face 120, andis a deformation caused by the normal force R. That is, the strain dueto the deformation occurring from the outer face 120 toward the innerface 119 or from the inner face 119 toward the outer face 120 of thecrank 105 (the strain occurring in a direction perpendicular to the sameplane as the circle defined by the rotational motion of the right sidecrank 105R) is detected, and detecting the bending deformation y allowsthe inner or outer direction strain occurring in the crank 105 to bedetected.

The tensile deformation z is a deformation such that the right sidecrank 105R is elongated or compressed in the longitudinal direction, andis a deformation caused by the normal force R. That is, the strain dueto the deformation occurring in a direction in which the crank 105 ispulled or pushed in the longitudinal direction (strain occurring in adirection parallel to the longitudinal direction) is detected, anddetecting the tensile deformation z allows the tensile direction strainoccurring in the crank 105 to be detected.

The torsional deformation rz is a deformation such that the right sidecrank 105R is twisted, and is a deformation caused by the tangentialforce T. That is, the strain due to the deformation occurring in thedirection in which the crank 105 twists is detected, and detecting thetorsional deformation rz allows the torsional direction strain occurringin the crank 105 to be detected. It should be noted that although inFIGS. 6A to 6C, the deformation directions of the bending deformation x,the bending deformation y, the tensile deformation z, and the torsionaldeformation rz are indicated by arrows, each deformation may occur inthe direction opposite to this arrow as described above.

Therefore, in order to measure the tangential force T, any one of thebending deformation x and the torsional deformation rz only has to bequantitatively detected, and in order to measure the normal force R, anyone of the bending deformation y and the tensile deformation z only hasto be quantitatively detected.

Here, a method for detecting (measuring) the bending deformation x, thebending deformation y, the tensile deformation z, and the torsionaldeformation rz by using the measurement module strain detection circuit365 to which the first strain gauge 369 a, the second strain gauge 369b, the third strain gauge 369 c, and the fourth strain gauge 369 darranged as shown in FIG. 4 are connected as shown in FIG. 5 will bedescribed.

In the bending deformation x, the right side crank 105R is deformed fromthe upper face 117 toward the lower face 118 or in the oppositedirection. In this case, the first detection circuit 373 a becomes anyone of the state where the fifth strain gauge 369 e has a decreasedresistance value by compression, the sixth strain gauge 369 f has anincreased resistance value by elongation, and the t output rises, andthe state where the fifth strain gauge 369 e has an increased resistancevalue by elongation, the sixth strain gauge 369 f has a decreasedresistance value by compression, and the t output falls (determined bythe direction of the deformation). In the second detection circuit 373b, both the third strain gauge 369 c and the fourth strain gauge 369 dare only bent, they are neither compressed nor elongated, and theresistance values do not change, and therefore the r output does notchange. In the third detection circuit 373 c, as shown in FIG. 7, oneend of the first strain gauge 369 a is elongated, but the other end iscompressed. As a result, both elongation and compression occur insidethe first strain gauge 369 a, and the resistance value of the firststrain gauge 369 a does not change. The same applies to the secondstrain gauge 369 b. Therefore, the k output does not change.

In the bending deformation y, the right side crank 105R is deformed fromthe outer face 120 toward the inner face 119 or in the oppositedirection. In this case, since the first detection circuit 373 a becomesany one of the state where both the fifth strain gauge 369 e and thesixth strain gauge 369 f have increased resistance values by elongation,and the state where both of them have decreased resistance values bycompression, the t output does not change. The second detection circuit373 b becomes any one of the state where the third strain gauge 369 chas an increased resistance value by elongation, the fourth strain gauge369 d has a decreased resistance value by compression, and the r outputfalls, and the state where the third strain gauge 369 c has a decreasedresistance value by compression, the fourth strain gauge 369 d has anincreased resistance value by elongation, and the r output rises. Sincethe third detection circuit 373 c becomes any one of the state whereboth the first strain gauge 369 a and the second strain gauge 369 b haveincreased resistance values by elongation, and the state where both ofthem have decreased resistance values by compression, the k output doesnot change.

The tensile deformation z is a deformation such that the right sidecrank 105R is elongated or compressed in the longitudinal direction. Inthis case, since the first detection circuit 373 a becomes any one ofthe state where both the fifth strain gauge 369 e and the sixth straingauge 369 f have increased resistance values by elongation, and thestate where both of them have decreased resistance values bycompression, the t output does not change. The second detection circuit373 b becomes any one of the state where the third strain gauge 369 chas an increased resistance value by elongation, the fourth strain gauge369 d has a decreased resistance value by compression, and the r outputfalls, and the state where the third strain gauge 369 c has a decreasedresistance value by compression, the fourth strain gauge 369 d has anincreased resistance value by elongation, and the r output rises. Sincethe third detection circuit 373 c becomes any one of the state whereboth the first strain gauge 369 a and the second strain gauge 369 b haveincreased resistance values by elongation, and the state where both ofthem have decreased resistance values by compression, the k output doesnot change.

The torsional deformation rz is a deformation such that the right sidecrank 105R twists. In this case, in the first detection circuit 373 a,the fifth strain gauge 369 e has an increased resistance value byelongation, but the sixth strain gauge 369 f has an unchanged resistancevalue by neither compression nor elongation, so the t output falls. Inthe second detection circuit 373 b, the third strain gauge 369 c has anincreased resistance value by elongation, but the fourth strain gauge369 d has an unchanged resistance value by neither compression norelongation, so the r output falls. The third detection circuit 373 cbecomes any one of the state where the first strain gauge 369 a has adecreased resistance value by compression, the second strain gauge 369 bhas an increased resistance value by elongation, and the k output rises,and the state where the first strain gauge 369 a has an increasedresistance value by elongation, the second strain gauge 369 b has adecreased resistance value by compression, and the k output falls.

As described above, detecting the change in the t output of the firstdetection circuit 373 a allows the bending deformation x to be detected,and detecting the change in the r output of the second detection circuit373 b allows the bending deformation y and the tensile deformation z tobe detected. Furthermore, detecting the change in the k output of thethird detection circuit 373 c allows the torsional deformation rz to bedetected. That is, the fifth strain gauge 369 e and the sixth straingauge 369 f constituting the first detection circuit 373 a serve as thefirst strain gauge part, and the first strain gauge 369 a and the secondstrain gauge 369 b constituting the third detection circuit 373 c serveas the second strain gauge part. Then, the t output of the firstdetection circuit 373 a and the k output of the third detection circuit373 c represent the output values of the strain detection unit.

Next, a method for calculating the tangential force T, the normal forceR, and the torsional torque K from the t output of the first detectioncircuit 373 a, the r output of the second detection circuit 373 b, andthe k output of the third detection circuit 373 c by using themeasurement module controller 351 will be described. The torsionaltorque is the torque when the torsional deformation rz occurs in thecrank 105, that is, the torque acting in the direction causing the crank105 to twist. First, a matrix A is assumed as in the following equation(1).

$\begin{matrix}{\left\lbrack {{Math}.\mspace{14mu} 1} \right\rbrack \mspace{625mu}} & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}t \\r \\k\end{pmatrix} = {{A \cdot \begin{pmatrix}T \\R \\K\end{pmatrix}} = {\begin{pmatrix}a & b & c \\d & e & f \\g & h & i\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}T \\R \\K\end{pmatrix}}}} & (1)\end{matrix}$

The t, the r, and the k in the equation (1) respectively represent theactually measured values (voltage values) of the t output, the r output,and the k output. In addition, the T represents the tangential force T,the R represents the normal force R, and the K represents the torsionaltorque K.

Next, as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, assuming that the crank 105 isoriented horizontally forward, and the t output, the r output, and the koutput in the state where a known load W is applied to a position on thepedal 103 at a distance L1 from the central axis C1 of the crank 105(first state) are respectively denoted by tp, rp, and kp, the equation(1) is expressed as the equation (2). Here, FIG. 8A is a view of thecrank 105 as seen from the upper face 117, and FIG. 8B is a view of thecrank as seen from the outer face 120.

$\begin{matrix}{\left\lbrack {{Math}.\mspace{14mu} 2} \right\rbrack \mspace{641mu}} & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{tp} \\{rp} \\{kp}\end{pmatrix} = {A \cdot \begin{pmatrix}W \\0 \\P\end{pmatrix}}} & (2)\end{matrix}$

The P is the first reference torsional torque applied to the crank 105,and is expressed by P=W·L1(N·m).

Next, as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, assuming that the crank 105 isoriented horizontally forward, and the t output, the r output, and the koutput in the state where a known load W is applied to a position on thepedal 103 at a distance L2, different from the distance L1, from thecentral axis C1 of the crank 105 (second state) are respectively denotedby tq, rq, and kq, the equation (1) is expressed as the equation (3).Here, FIG. 9A is a view of the crank 105 as seen from the upper face117, and FIG. 9B is a view of the crank as seen from the outer face 120.

$\begin{matrix}{\left\lbrack {{Math}.\mspace{14mu} 3} \right\rbrack \mspace{641mu}} & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{tq} \\{rq} \\{kq}\end{pmatrix} = {A \cdot \begin{pmatrix}W \\0 \\Q\end{pmatrix}}} & (3)\end{matrix}$

The Q is the second reference torsional torque applied to the crank 105,and is expressed by Q=W·L2(N·m).

Next, as shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, assuming that the crank 105 isoriented vertically downward, and the t output, the r output, and the koutput in the state where a known load W is applied to a position on theextension of the central axis C1 of the crank 105 (or the position asclose as possible to the central axis of the crank 105)(third state) arerespectively denoted by t0, r0, and k0, the equation (1) is expressed asthe equation (4). FIG. 10A is a view of the crank 105 as seen from theupper face 117, and FIG. 10B is a view of the crank as seen from theouter face 120.

$\begin{matrix}{\left\lbrack {{Math}.\mspace{14mu} 4} \right\rbrack \mspace{641mu}} & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{t\; 0} \\{r\; 0} \\{k\; 0}\end{pmatrix} = {A \cdot \begin{pmatrix}0 \\W \\0\end{pmatrix}}} & (4)\end{matrix}$

Next, components a to i of matrix A are calculated from equations (2) to(4). From the equations (2) and (3), the components c, a, f, d, i, and gare given by the following equations (5) to (10). In addition, from theequation (4), the components b, e, and h are given by the followingequations (11) to (13). Here, although the components remain inequations (6), (8), and (10), this only has to be done by substitutingthe calculated components. For example, the calculation result of theequation (5) is substituted for the component c of the equation (6).Alternatively, instead of the calculation result, an expression may besubstituted. In this way, components a to i of matrix A are calculatedfrom the values of the t output, the r output, and the k output in thestates of FIGS. 8A to 10B, the known load W, and the known distances L1and L2.

$\begin{matrix}{\left\lbrack {{Math}.\mspace{14mu} 5} \right\rbrack \mspace{635mu}} & \; \\{c = {{\left( {{tp} - {tq}} \right)/\left( {P - Q} \right)} = {\left( {{tp} - {tq}} \right)/\left( {W\left( {{L\; 1} - {L\; 2}} \right)} \right)}}} & (5) \\{a = {{\left( {{tp} - {Pc}} \right)/W} = {\left( {{tp} - {{WL}\; 1c}} \right)/W}}} & (6) \\{f = {{\left( {{rp} - {rq}} \right)/\left( {P - Q} \right)} = {\left( {{rp} - {rq}} \right)/\left( {W\left( {{L\; 1} - {L\; 2}} \right)} \right)}}} & (7) \\{d = {{\left( {{rp} - {Pf}} \right)/W} = {\left( {{rp} - {{WL}\; 1f}} \right)/W}}} & (8) \\{i = {{\left( {{kp} - {kq}} \right)/\left( {P - Q} \right)} = {\left( {{kp} - {kq}} \right)/\left( {W\left( {{L\; 1} - {L\; 2}} \right)} \right)}}} & (9) \\{g = {{\left( {{kp} - {Pi}} \right)/W} = {\left( {{kp} - {{WL}\; 1i}} \right)/W}}} & (10) \\{\left\lbrack {{Math}.\mspace{14mu} 6} \right\rbrack \mspace{625mu}} & \; \\{b = {t\; {0/W}}} & (11) \\{c = {r\; {0/W}}} & (12) \\{h = {k\; {0/W}}} & \left( 13 \right.\end{matrix}$

Then, the inverse matrix A⁻¹ of the calculated matrix A is calculated,and the tangential force T, the normal force R, and the torsional torqueK are calculated from the following equation (14). Therefore,calculating the inverse matrix A⁻¹ in advance allows the tangentialforce T, the normal force R, and the torsional torque K to be calculatedfrom the values of the t output, the r output, and the k output in realtime.

$\begin{matrix}{\left\lbrack {{Math}.\mspace{14mu} 7} \right\rbrack } & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}T \\R \\K\end{pmatrix} = {A^{- 1} \cdot \begin{pmatrix}t \\r \\k\end{pmatrix}}} & (14)\end{matrix}$

Since equation (14) can be expressed by a polynomial with coefficientsof the components of the inverse matrix A⁻¹, the tangential force T andthe torsional torque K are calculated by substituting the t output, ther output, and the k output output by the first detection circuit 373 ato the third detection circuit 373 c into a predetermined polynomial.

Then, the distance L from the central axis of the crank 105 to thecenter of the load applied to the pedal 103 by the cyclist is calculatedfrom the calculated tangential force T and torsional torque K. Here,when the load acting on each part of the pedal 103 is represented by asingle force, the center of load means the point on which the singleforce acts. The distance L from the central axis of the crank 105 to thecenter of the load applied to the pedal 103 by the cyclist can becalculated by L(m)=K/T. In the present embodiment, the calculateddistance L is set to the center position of the load applied to thepedal 103.

Next, the block configuration of the cycle computer 201 will bedescribed. As shown in FIG. 3, the cycle computer 201 includes a cyclecomputer display unit 203, a cycle computer operation unit 205, a cyclecomputer cadence radio receiver 207, a cycle computer radio receiver209, a cycle computer timer 261, a cycle computer storage unit 253, anda cycle computer controller 251.

The cycle computer display unit 203 displays various kinds ofinformation based on the user's instructions or the like. In the presentembodiment, the propulsive force (tangential force T) and the loss force(normal force R) are visualized to be displayed. It should be noted thatthe method of visualization can be any method. The visualization methodin the cycle computer display unit 203 may include, for example, avector display, a graph display, a color-coded display, a symboldisplay, a three-dimensional display, and any method may be used. Inaddition, a combination thereof or the like may be used.

In addition, the cycle computer display unit 203 visualizes the centerposition of the load applied to the pedal 103 calculated by themeasurement module controller 351 to display. The display example isshown in FIG. 11.

FIG. 11 displays the center positions of the loads detected for the leftand right pedals 103 side by side on the screen. In FIG. 11, the centerposition of the load detected in the right side pedal 103R is displayedas the measured value LMR, and the center position of the load detectedin the left side pedal 103L is displayed as the measured value LML. Inaddition, the center positions of the loads set as a reference inadvance are superimposed on the measured values LMR and LML as thereference value LRR (right side) and the reference value LRL (left side)to be displayed. The reference values LRR and LRL are shown, forexample, as the recommended pedal stepping positions (positions to whichloads should be applied). That is, the measured values LMR and LML andthe reference values LRR and LRL are displayed (output) in a comparablemanner. It should be noted that although in FIG. 11, the referencevalues LRR and LRL are approximately at the center of the pedals 103,they are not limited thereto. For example, the reference values LRR andLRL may be changed based on the shape and the like of the bicycle 1 orthe crank 105, or the physique and the like of the cyclist.

In FIG. 11, displaying the measured values LMR and LML as filledellipses and displaying the reference values LRR and LRL as ellipses(broken lines) makes it easier to visually identify them when thesuperimposed display is performed. It should be noted that the measuredvalues LMR and LML and the reference values LRR and LRL are not limitedto the shapes in FIG. 11, and may be points, circles, straight lines,footprints, or the like. In addition, the measured values LMR and LMLand the reference values LRR and LRL are not limited to filling andbroken lines, and only have to be the display modes that can bedistinguished from each other.

It should be noted that although the measured values and the referencevalues are shown as images in the example shown in FIG. 11, they are notlimited thereto and may be shown in other forms such as numericalvalues. In addition, measured values in any period may be stored anddisplayed so that the transition of the movement of the position can beknown.

The cycle computer operation unit 205 receives instructions from theuser (input). For example, the cycle computer operation unit 205receives instructions on display contents on the cycle computer displayunit 203 from the user.

The cycle computer cadence radio receiver 207 receives the cadenceinformation transmitted from the cadence sensor 501.

The cycle computer radio receiver 209 receives the propulsive force, theloss force, the center position of the load applied to the pedal 103,and the like transmitted from the measurement module 301.

The cycle computer timer 261 is a timer counter and counts the timer.This timer value information generated by the cycle computer timer 261is used by the cycle computer controller 251 and the like variously.

Various kinds of information are stored in the cycle computer storageunit 253. Various kinds of information are, for example, a controlprogram of the cycle computer controller 251, and temporary informationrequired when the cycle computer controller 251 performs control. Itshould be noted that the cycle computer storage unit 253 includes acycle computer RAM 255 and a cycle computer ROM 257. In the cyclecomputer ROM 257, the control program, the propulsive force, and theloss force or various kinds of parameters, constants, and the like forconverting the center position of the load into the data to be visuallydisplayed on the cycle computer display unit 203 are stored.

The cycle computer controller 251 comprehensively controls the cyclecomputer 201. Furthermore, the cycle computer controller 251 may alsocontrol the cadence sensor 501 and the measurement module 301 in acomprehensive manner. The cycle computer controller 251 converts thepropulsive force, the loss force, or the center position of the loadinto the data to be visually displayed on the cycle computer displayunit 203.

Next, the processing of the cadence sensor 501 and the processing of themeasurement module 301 and the cycle computer 201 will be described withreference to FIGS. 12A, 12B, 13A, and 13C.

First, the processing of the cadence sensor 501 will be described. Instep ST51, the cadence sensor controller 551 of the cadence sensor 501detects a change of the magnetic sensor 505 to the ON state. Then, thecadence sensor controller 551 interrupts the processing when detecting achange in the magnetic sensor 505, and starts the processing in andafter step ST53. Interruption means stopping the processing up to thatpoint and executing the designated processing.

Next, in step ST53, the cadence sensor controller 551 calculates thecadence value. The cadence sensor controller 551 calculates the time(period) [seconds] when the magnetic sensor 505 is turned ON bymultiplying the count number (C) of the timer value information by thecount interval (T) for one time. Then, the cadence sensor controller 551calculates cadence [rpm] by dividing 60 by this time (period).Furthermore, the cadence sensor controller 551 causes the cadence sensorRAM 555 of the cadence sensor storage unit 553 to store this cadenceinformation.

Next, in step ST55, the cadence sensor controller 551 outputs a resetinstruction of the counter value to the cadence sensor timer 561. Thus,the main flow of the control of the cadence sensor controller 551 isterminated. Then, next, when the magnetic sensor 505 is turned ON, theinterruption is performed again, and the processing is restarted fromstep ST51.

On the other hand, in step ST57, the cadence sensor controller 551transmits the cadence information stored in the cadence sensor storageunit 553 to the cycle computer 201 by using the cadence sensor radiotransmitter 507. It should be noted that the transmission may beperformed only by the cadence sensor radio transmitter 507 without usingthe cadence sensor controller 551.

Next, in step ST59, the cadence sensor controller 551 waits for 1second. It should be noted that the wait time is variable.

Next, the processing of the measurement module 301 and the like will bedescribed. In step ST11, the measurement module A/D 363 performs the A/Dconversion on the outputs from the measurement module strain detectioncircuit 365 (t output, r output, and k output) from analog values todigital values.

Next, in step ST13, the strain information detected (converted) by themeasurement module A/D 363 is stored in the measurement module RAM 355of the measurement module storage unit 353.

Next, in step ST15, the process waits for 1/N seconds. Here, the valueof N is the number of data points measured per second. That is, thelarger the value of N, the greater the number of strain information,which means that the resolution in seconds is higher. The larger the Nvalue is, the better it is, but if the N value is made too large, themeasurement module RAM 355 has to have a large capacity, resulting in anincrease in cost. Therefore, how much the N value should be may bedetermined by cost, required time resolution, the time required for themeasurement module A/D 363 to perform the A/D conversion, and the like.When the process in step ST15 ends, the process returns to step ST11again. That is, the processing from step ST11 to step ST15 is repeated Ntimes per second.

In addition, the measurement module controller 351 performs theprocessing in FIG. 9B. In step ST31, the measurement module controller351 saves the data of the strain information. The reason for this willbe described. First, the capacity of the measurement module RAM 355 ofthe measurement module storage unit 353 is limited. Here, if thecapacity of the measurement module RAM 355 is increased, saving the dataof the strain information is unnecessary, but designing with too muchmargin results in an increase in cost and is not appropriate. Inaddition, since the strain information is continuously written one afteranother, if the data saving is not performed, new information may beoverwritten before the tangential force T, the normal force R, and thedistance L are calculated by the processing in step ST33 describedbelow.

Next, in step ST33, the measurement module controller 351 calculates thetangential force T, the normal force R, and the distance L.Specifically, the measurement module controller 351 calculates thetangential force T, the normal force R, and the distance L by using theabove-described equation (14) and the equation of L=K/T. That is, thisstep functions as the calculation step. Furthermore, the measurementmodule controller 351 may calculate N pieces of the tangential force T,the normal force R, and the distance L, and may calculate the averagethereof. That is, the measurement module controller 351 may calculatethe average of the tangential force T and the normal force R per second(average tangential (propulsive) force and average normal (loss) force).It should be noted that the measurement of the first state to the thirdstate, the calculation of the components, and the like are performed inadvance before the execution of this flowchart as described above.

Next, in step ST35, the measurement module controller 351 transmits thecalculated tangential force T and normal force R or the averagetangential force and average normal force, and the distance L throughthe measurement module radio transmitter 309. The transmitted tangentialforce T, the normal force R, and the like and the distance L arereceived by the cycle computer radio receiver 209 of the cycle computer201. That is, information on the center position of the load applied tothe pedal 103 connected to the crank 105 is output based on thetangential force T and the torsional torque K calculated based on theoutput value of the strain gauge 369.

Next, in step ST37, the process waits for 1 second. It should be notedthat 1 second is an example and the period is variable as necessary.When the process in step ST37 ends, the process returns to step ST31again. That is, the processing from step ST31 to step ST35 is repeatedonce per second.

In addition, the cycle computer controller 251 of the cycle computer 201performs the processing in FIG. 9(c). In step ST71, when the cyclecomputer controller 251 receives the propulsive force (tangential forceT), the loss force (normal force R), the center position of the load(distance L), and the cadence information, an interrupt is performed.That is, when the cycle computer controller 251 detects that the cyclecomputer radio receiver 209 has received the propulsive force, the lossforce, the center position of the load, and the cadence information, thecycle computer controller 251 suspends (interrupts) the processing up tothat point and starts the processing in and after step ST73.

Next, in step ST73, the cycle computer controller 251 causes the cyclecomputer display unit 203 to display the propulsive force, the lossforce, the center position of the load, and the cadence information.That is, this step functions as the output step. The cycle computerdisplay unit 203 transmits these pieces of information to the user bydisplaying them as numerical values or by using othervisualization/audition/haptization methods. It should be noted thatthese pieces of information do not need to be displayed at the sametime, and may be individually displayed with a switching operation bythe user or the like.

Next, in step ST75, the cycle computer controller 251 stores thepropulsive force, the loss force, the center position of the load, andthe cadence information in the cycle computer RAM 255 of the cyclecomputer storage unit 253. Subsequently, the cycle computer controller251 performs the other processing until an interrupt of step ST51 isperformed again.

Although the center position of the load (distance L) is calculated bythe measurement module 301 in the above description, the torsionaltorque K may be transmitted to the cycle computer 201 instead of thecenter position of the load (distance L), and the center position of theload (distance L) may be calculated by the cycle computer 201.

According to the present embodiment, the strain gauge 369 is provided onthe inner face 119 of the crank 105 of the bicycle 1 and detects thestrain occurring in the crank 105. Then, the cycle computer display unit203 displays an image showing the center position of the load applied tothe pedal 103 connected to the crank 105 based on the tangential force Tand the torsional torque K calculated based on the output values of thefirst strain gauge 369 a to the sixth strain gauge 369 f Since thisallows an image indicating the center position of the load applied tothe pedal 103 to be calculated to be output, efficient pedaling or thelike may be performed based on this information.

In addition, the strain gauge 369 is provided on the inner face 119 ofthe crank 105 which the bicycle 1 includes on the left and right sidesin a pair, and the cycle computer display unit 203 displays side by sidethe images showing the center positions of the loads applied to thepedals 103 connected to the left and right cranks 105. This allows theuser and the like to compare and check the left and right pedalingbalance and the like, and therefore this can help improve pedaling formsand the like.

In addition, the cycle computer display unit 203 displays an image inwhich the reference values LRR and LRL are superimposed in advance onthe measured values LMR and LML detected by the strain gauge 369. Thisallows, for example, the user and the like to compare the center of theload in their own pedaling with the center of the load in theappropriate pedaling, and therefore this can help improve pedaling formsand the like.

In addition, the strain gauge 369 includes a plurality of strain gaugesincluding the first strain gauge 369 a and the second strain gauge 369 bfor detecting the bending deformation x occurring in the crank 105 andthe fifth strain gauge 369 e and the sixth strain gauge 369 f fordetecting the torsional deformation rz occurring in the crank 105. Inaddition, the strain gauge 369 outputs a voltage value according to thedeformation amount of the crank 105 in the direction in which the firststrain gauge 369 a and second strain gauge 369 b and the fifth straingauge 369 e and sixth strain gauge 369 f detect strain. This allows thetangential force T and the torsional torque K of the crank 105 to becalculated with the output voltage values of the plurality of straingauges 369.

In addition, the tangential force T and the torsional torque K of thecrank 105 are calculated by substituting the voltage values output bythe third detection circuit 373 c including the first strain gauge 369 aand the second strain gauge 369 b, and the first detection circuit 373 aincluding the fifth strain gauge 369 e and the sixth strain gauge 369 f(t output and k output) into a predetermined polynomial. This allows theforce and the torque to be calculated by the calculation using, forexample, a CPU or the like.

In addition, the coefficient of each term of the predeterminedpolynomial is set in advance based on the first reference torsionaltorque P applied to the crank 105 in the first state where apredetermined load W is applied to the position on the pedal 103 apartfrom the central axis of the crank 105 by the first distance L1, thesecond reference torsional torque Q applied to the crank 105 in thesecond state where a predetermined load W is applied to the position onthe pedal 103 apart from the central axis of the crank 105 by the seconddistance L2, and the t output and the k output in each of the firststate and the second state. This allows the coefficients to becalculated in advance based on the first reference torsional torque P,the second reference torsional torque Q, and the output voltage values(tp, kp, tq, and kq), which can be calculated with known numericalvalues. Therefore, the tangential force T of the crank 105 and thetorsional torque K of the crank 105 can be calculated only bysubstituting the values measured by the first detection circuit 373 aand the third detection circuit 373 c into the polynomial. In addition,since the coefficient can be changed according to the crank, thetangential force T of the crank 105 and the torsional torque K of thecrank 105 can be accurately calculated for each crank.

Second Embodiment

The information output device according to the second embodiment of thepresent invention will be described with reference to FIG. 14. It shouldbe noted that the same parts as those in the first embodiment describedabove are denoted by the same reference numerals, and descriptionthereof is omitted.

Although six strain gauges are used in the first embodiment, when thenormal force R (loss force) is not calculated, the number of straingauges can be reduced, and the amount of calculation involved in thecalculation of the coefficients and the calculation of the tangentialforce T and the torsional torque K can be reduced. FIG. 14 shows thearrangement of the strain gauge 369 in the present embodiment on thecrank 105. This embodiment is different from the first embodiment inthat the third strain gauge 369 c and the fourth strain gauge 369 dshown in FIG. 4 are deleted. Therefore, the measurement module straindetection circuit 365 of this embodiment does not include the seconddetection circuit 373 b.

The r output of the second detection circuit 373 b detects the bendingdeformation y and the tensile deformation z as described in the firstembodiment. These are deformations caused by the normal force R, and donot need to be detected when the normal force R is not calculated. Then,the equations (1), (2), (3), and (14) shown in the first embodiment arerespectively changed to the following equations (15), (16), (17), and(18). In the present embodiment, as is apparent from the equations (15)to (17), the components of the matrix A can be calculated based on thefirst reference torsional torque P, the second reference torsionaltorque Q, and the t output and the k output in each of the first stateand the second state.

$\begin{matrix}{\left\lbrack {{Math}.\mspace{14mu} 8} \right\rbrack \mspace{625mu}} & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}t \\k\end{pmatrix} = {{A \cdot \begin{pmatrix}T \\K\end{pmatrix}} = {\begin{pmatrix}a & b \\c & d\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}T \\K\end{pmatrix}}}} & (15) \\{\left\lbrack {{Math}.\mspace{14mu} 9} \right\rbrack } & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{tp} \\{kp}\end{pmatrix} = {A \cdot \begin{pmatrix}W \\p\end{pmatrix}}} & (16) \\{\left\lbrack {{Math}.\mspace{14mu} 10} \right\rbrack \mspace{610mu}} & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{tq} \\{kq}\end{pmatrix} = {A \cdot \begin{pmatrix}W \\Q\end{pmatrix}}} & (17) \\{\left\lbrack {{Math}.\mspace{14mu} 11} \right\rbrack \mspace{610mu}} & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}T \\K\end{pmatrix} = {A^{- 1} \cdot \begin{pmatrix}t \\k\end{pmatrix}}} & (18)\end{matrix}$

In the present embodiment, since the tangential force T and thetorsional torque K are calculated, the matrix A has 2 rows and 2columns, and the number of components decreases. The distance L from thecentral axis of the crank 105 to the center of the load applied to thepedal 103 by the cyclist is calculated by L(m)=K/T from the calculatedtangential force T and the torsional torque K as in the firstembodiment.

According to the present embodiment, since only the tangential force Tand the torsional torque K are calculated, the number of strain gaugescan be reduced. In addition, since the number of terms of thepolynomials is reduced when the tangential force T and the torsionaltorque K are calculated, the calculation amount can be reduced.

It should be noted that although in the above-described two embodiments,the cycle computer display unit 203 is described as an output unit, theoutput unit is not limited to a means for transmitting to the cyclist bydisplay, voice, or the like. For example, as shown in FIG. 15, a cyclecomputer external communication unit 271 may be added to the cyclecomputer 201, and information such as the distance L from the centralaxis of the crank 105 to the center of the load applied to the pedal 103by the cyclist may be output from the cycle computer externalcommunication unit 271 to a server S connected through the publicnetwork N such as the Internet. In this case, the output unit is thecycle computer external communication unit 271. In addition, theinformation may be output directly from the measurement module 301 tothe server S connected through the public network N.

In addition, although in the two embodiments described above, the straingauge 369 is described as being provided near the center of the crank105, the strain gauge 369 may be provided close to the pedal 103 orclose to the crankshaft 107. When the strain gauge 369 is provided closeto the pedal 103, since the strain amount of the crank 105 is small, thelife of the strain gauge 369 can be prolonged. When the strain gauge 369is provided close to the crankshaft 107, the output of the strain gauge369 is increased by the principle of leverage and the influence of noisecan be reduced.

In addition, although in the two embodiments described above, theinformation output device includes the cycle computer 201 and themeasurement module 301, the information output device in the presentinvention may be a part of the cycle computer 201 or the measurementmodule 301, or may be another independent device. Furthermore, theinformation output device may be an aggregate of a plurality ofphysically separated devices. In some cases, the devices other than thestrain gauge 369 (measurement module strain detection circuit 365) maybe connected through communication and may be the devices in completelydifferent places.

The human-powered machine in the present invention means a machinedriven by the human power provided with the crank 105 of the bicycle 1,a fitness bike, and the like. That is, as long as it is a machine driven(not necessarily have to be the location movement) by human powerprovided with the crank 105, any type of human-powered machine will do.

In addition, the present invention is not limited to the aboveembodiments. That is, those skilled in the art can implement the presentinvention with various modifications without departing from the scope ofthe present invention according to the conventionally known knowledge.As long as these modifications still include the configuration of theinformation output device of the present invention, they are naturallyincluded in the scope of the present invention.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

-   1 bicycle (human-powered machine)-   103 pedal-   105 crank-   119 inner face (side face)-   203 cycle computer display unit (output unit)-   271 cycle computer external communication unit (output unit)-   369 a first strain gauge (strain detection unit, second strain gauge    part)-   369 b second strain gauge (strain detection unit, second strain    gauge part)-   369 c third strain gauge-   369 d fourth strain gauge-   369 e fifth strain gauge (strain detection unit, first strain gauge    part)-   369 f sixth strain gauge (strain detection unit, first strain gauge    part)-   373 a first detection circuit-   373 b second detection circuit-   373 c third detection circuit-   C1 central axis-   K torsional torque (torque acting in a direction causing torsion in    crank)-   L distance to the center of load applied to pedal (information on    center position of load applied to pedal)-   P first reference torsional torque-   Q second reference torsional torque-   T tangential force (force acting in the tangential direction of the    circle defined by the rotational motion of the crank)-   ST33 calculation of tangential force and distance to the center    position of the load (calculation step)-   ST73 display of data (output step)

1. An information output device comprising: a strain detection unitprovided on a side face of a crank in a human-powered machine andconfigured to detect a strain occurring in the crank; and an outputdevice configured to output information on a load applied to a pedalconnected to the crank based on a first force in a first direction thatis on a circle defined by a rotational motion of the crank and a secondforce in a second direction causing torsion in the crank, the firstforce and the second force being calculated based on an output value ofthe strain detection device.
 2. The apparatus according to claim 1,wherein the human-powered machine is a road bike.
 3. The informationoutput device according to claim 1, wherein the human-powered machine isa stationary bike.
 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein theinformation on the load includes a position of the load on the pedal. 5.The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the strain detection deviceis provided on a side face of cranks comprising each of the crank andanother crank, which the human-powered machine includes in a grouping,and wherein the output device outputs the information on the loadapplied to the pedal that is connected to each of the cranks so as tocommonly display.
 6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein theinformation on the load applied to the pedal connected to each of thecranks is displayed relative to one another.
 7. The apparatus accordingto claim 5, wherein the information on the load applied to the pedalconnected to the crank on one of a left side and a right side, and theother crank as the other of the left side and the right side, isdisplayed side by side.
 8. The output device according to claim 1,wherein the output device outputs so as to commonly display the positionof the load applied to the pedal, as detected by the strain detectiondevice and a reference position.
 9. The apparatus according to claim 1,wherein the output device is configured to output the information on theposition of the load to include at least one of image information andnumerical information.
 10. The apparatus according to claim 1, whereinthe strain detection device has a plurality of strain gauge partsincluding: a first strain gauge part configured to detect a straindeforming in the first direction in the crank; and a second strain gaugepart configured to detect a strain deforming in the second direction.11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the first force in thefirst direction is acting in a first direction of the circle defined byrotational motion of the crank, and the second force in the seconddirection is torque, wherein each of the plurality of the strain gaugeparts outputs respective voltage values based on a deformation amount ofthe crank in a direction in which each of the strain gauge parts detectsthe strain.
 12. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the firstforce in the first direction of the circle defined by rotational motionof the crank and the torque acting in the second direction are eachcalculated by substituting the voltage value outputted from each of theplurality of strain gauge parts into respective polynomials.
 13. Theapparatus according to claim 12, wherein a coefficient of each term ofthe respective polynomials is set in advance based on: first referencetorsional torque applied to the crank in a first state where a load isapplied to a position on the pedal apart from a central axis of thecrank by a first distance, second reference torsional torque applied tothe crank in a second state where the load is applied to a position onthe pedal apart from a central axis of the crank by a second distancedifferent from the first distance, and the voltage value outputted fromeach of the plurality of strain gauge parts in each of the first stateand the second state.
 14. A non-transitory computer-readable mediumincluding at least one processor and a storage that are configured toexecute instructions, the instructions comprising: receiving, on a sideface of a crank in a human-powered machine, an output value based oninformation associated with a detected strain occurring in the crank;and outputting information on a load applied to a pedal connected to thecrank based on a first force in a first direction of a circle defined bya rotational motion of the crank and a second force in a seconddirection causing torsion in the crank, the first force and the secondforce being calculated based on the output value.
 15. The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 14, the instructions furthercomprising: providing a strain detection device on a side face of crankscomprising the crank and another crank, which the human-powered machineincludes in a grouping, and commonly displaying the information on theload applied to the pedal that is connected to each of the cranks,wherein the information on the load includes a position of the load onthe pedal.
 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15,the instructions further comprising displaying, in a side-by-sidemanner, the information on the load applied to the pedal connected tothe crank on one of a left side and a right side, and the other crank asthe other of the left side and the right side.
 17. The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the receiving furthercomprises: detecting, via a strain detection device, the informationassociated with the detected strain, by, first detecting, via a firststrain gauge part, a strain deforming in the first direction in thecrank, and second detecting, via a second strain gauge part, a straindeforming in the second direction.
 18. The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the first force in thefirst direction is acting in a first direction of the circle defined byrotational motion of the crank, and the second force in the seconddirection is torque, and wherein the instructions comprise determiningthe respective voltage values for each of the first strain gauge partand the second strain gauge part, based on a deformation amount of thecrank associated with the first detecting and the second detecting. 19.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, theinstructions further comprising: calculating the first force in thefirst direction of the circle defined by rotational motion of the crankand the torque acting in the second direction, by substituting therespective voltage values for each of the first strain gauge part andthe second strain gauge part into respective polynomials.
 20. Thenon-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, the instructionsfurther comprising: setting a coefficient of each term of the respectivepolynomials in advance, based on: first reference torsional torqueapplied to the crank in a first state where a load is applied to aposition on the pedal apart from a central axis of the crank by a firstdistance, second reference torsional torque applied to the crank in asecond state where the load is applied to a position on the pedal apartfrom a central axis of the crank by a second distance different from thefirst distance, and the voltage value outputted from each of theplurality of strain gauge parts in each of the first state and thesecond state.